Over the last decades, organ transplantation has become the leading treatment option for patients with last-stage organ failure. However, although it has significantly reduced the mortality rate, specifically in life-threatening diseases such as end-stage kidney failure, recognition and eventual destruction of well-matched transplants by the host’s immune system have quashed its beneficial effects.
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), well-known as humoral or B-cell-mediated rejection, is a problematic post-transplant complication caused by anti-donor HLA antibodies. It plays a vital role in acute or chronic allograft dysfunction and is associated with graft loss. Al...
