Vaccinia virus-associated oncolytic virus therapies represent a promising approach to cancer treatment, leveraging the ability of the vaccinia virus to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells. The vaccinia virus, historically used in the smallpox vaccine, has been engineered to serve as an oncolytic virus due to its robust replication capabilities and ability to induce strong immune responses. These modified viruses can be designed to preferentially target tumor cells, sparing healthy tissues, and can be armed with therapeutic genes that enhance their anticancer effects. The virus’s replication within tumor cells leads to cell lysis, which not only destroys the ca...
