Summary
The BTC treatment landscape is shifting from chemotherapy to precision oncology. While gemcitabine-based chemotherapy remains the backbone of first-line and advanced disease treatment, the field has increasingly moved toward biomarker-driven therapy and chemoimmunotherapy.
Approved targeted therapies are now available for selected biomarker-defined patients. Key examples include FGFR2 inhibitors such as pemigatinib and futibatinib, IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib, HER2-directed therapies such as trastuzumab deruxtecan and zanidatamab, and tumor-agnostic agents like larotrectinib, entrectinib, dabrafenib + trametinib, and selpercatinib.
HER2 and FGFR2 are e...
